Class 9 Social Science NCERT MCQs-India and the Contemporary World - I-Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
NCERT MCQs of Class 9 Social Science(India and the Contemporary World - I) Chapter no 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution
1) What was the main aim of socialism in Europe?
(a) To promote monarchy
(b) To bring equality in society
(c) To encourage colonialism
(d) To oppose industrialization
Answer: (b) To bring equality in society
Explanation: Socialism aimed to reduce inequality and create a classless society by redistributing wealth and resources.
2) Which event marked the beginning of the Russian Revolution in 1917?
(a) The fall of the Tsarist regime
(b) The Civil War
(c) The execution of the Romanovs
(d) Lenin's rise to power
Answer: (a) The fall of the Tsarist regime
Explanation: The February Revolution of 1917 led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, marking the start of the Russian Revolution.
3) Who led the Bolshevik Party during the Russian Revolution?
(a) Stalin
(b) Trotsky
(c) Lenin
(d) Kerensky
Answer: (c) Lenin
Explanation: Vladimir Lenin led the Bolshevik Party and played a crucial role in the October Revolution of 1917.
4) Which system of governance was established in Russia after the October Revolution?
(a) Monarchy
(b) Democracy
(c) Dictatorship of the proletariat
(d) Capitalism
Answer: (c) Dictatorship of the proletariat
Explanation: After the October Revolution, a government led by the working class under Bolshevik control was established.
5) Which class of society did the Bolsheviks primarily represent?
(a) Nobles
(b) Working class
(c) Clergy
(d) Merchants
Answer: (b) Working class
Explanation: The Bolsheviks advocated for the rights of workers and peasants, aiming to abolish class distinctions.
6) What does the term ‘proletariat’ refer to?
(a) The ruling class
(b) Industrial workers
(c) Landowners
(d) Merchants
Answer: (b) Industrial workers
Explanation: Proletariat refers to the working class in industrial society, often exploited by the bourgeoisie.
7) What was the significance of the Bloody Sunday of 1905 in Russia?
(a) It marked the end of Tsarist rule
(b) It sparked the 1905 Revolution
(c) It led to Lenin's exile
(d) It established a democratic government
Answer: (b) It sparked the 1905 Revolution
Explanation: Bloody Sunday occurred when peaceful protesters demanding reforms were fired upon by Tsarist troops, leading to widespread unrest.
8) Which economic policy did Lenin introduce in 1921 to rebuild the Russian economy?
(a) New Economic Policy (NEP)
(b) Five-Year Plan
(c) War Communism
(d) Collectivization
Answer: (a) New Economic Policy (NEP)
Explanation: The NEP allowed limited private enterprise and market trade to revive the economy after the Civil War.
9) What was the main ideology of the Mensheviks?
(a) Immediate revolution
(b) Gradual reform through parliamentary means
(c) Support for capitalism
(d) Opposition to industrialization
Answer: (b) Gradual reform through parliamentary means
Explanation: The Mensheviks believed in achieving socialism through gradual reforms and democratic processes.
10) What was the role of the Duma in pre-revolutionary Russia?
(a) It was a legislative assembly
(b) It was the executive body
(c) It was the Tsar's council
(d) It was the judiciary
Answer: (a) It was a legislative assembly
Explanation: The Duma was the elected legislative body created after the 1905 Revolution, though its powers were limited by the Tsar.
11) Which slogan is associated with Lenin during the Russian Revolution?
(a) "No taxation without representation"
(b) "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
(c) "Peace, Land, and Bread"
(d) "Workers of the world, unite!"
Answer: (c) "Peace, Land, and Bread"
Explanation: Lenin’s slogan promised to end war, redistribute land, and provide food for the people.
12) What was the aim of the Five-Year Plans introduced in the Soviet Union?
(a) Strengthen the monarchy
(b) Industrialize the country
(c) Promote capitalism
(d) Expand Russian colonies
Answer: (b) Industrialize the country
Explanation: The Five-Year Plans focused on rapid industrialization and increasing production in the Soviet Union.
13) Which event marked the official end of the Romanov dynasty in Russia?
(a) February Revolution
(b) October Revolution
(c) Execution of Tsar Nicholas II and his family
(d) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Answer: (c) Execution of Tsar Nicholas II and his family
Explanation: The Romanov dynasty ended with the execution of Tsar Nicholas II and his family in 1918.
14) Who were the kulaks in the Soviet Union?
(a) Wealthy peasants
(b) Industrial workers
(c) Members of the Communist Party
(d) Soldiers in the Red Army
Answer: (a) Wealthy peasants
Explanation: Kulaks were prosperous farmers who were opposed to collectivization during Stalin's rule.
15) What was the result of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918?
(a) Russia withdrew from World War I
(b) Russia annexed new territories
(c) Tsar Nicholas II regained power
(d) The Bolsheviks dissolved the Duma
Answer: (a) Russia withdrew from World War I
Explanation: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ended Russia’s participation in World War I, ceding significant territories to Germany.
16) Which leader succeeded Lenin as the head of the Soviet Union?
(a) Trotsky
(b) Stalin
(c) Kerensky
(d) Gorbachev
Answer: (b) Stalin
Explanation: Joseph Stalin became the leader of the Soviet Union after Lenin's death in 1924.
17) What was the impact of collectivization in the Soviet Union?
(a) Increased agricultural production
(b) Elimination of private farming
(c) Expansion of capitalist practices
(d) Strengthening of the kulaks
Answer: (b) Elimination of private farming
Explanation: Collectivization abolished private ownership of land and brought agriculture under state control.
18) What was the Comintern?
(a) An international organization of communist parties
(b) A Soviet economic policy
(c) A military alliance
(d) A legislative assembly
Answer: (a) An international organization of communist parties
Explanation: The Comintern aimed to promote communist revolutions worldwide.
19) What did the Bolsheviks rename Russia after the October Revolution?
(a) Soviet Socialist Republic
(b) Russian Empire
(c) Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
(d) Proletariat Republic
Answer: (c) Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
Explanation: The USSR was officially formed in 1922 as a union of socialist republics.
20) Which group strongly opposed the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War?
(a) Red Army
(b) White Army
(c) Peasants
(d) Soviets
Answer: (b) White Army
Explanation: The White Army consisted of anti-Bolshevik forces, including monarchists and foreign allies, who opposed the Red Army.
21) What was the main demand of the workers during the Russian Revolution?
(a) Increase in wages and better working conditions
(b) Return of the monarchy
(c) Expansion of the Russian Empire
(d) Support for the Mensheviks
Answer: (a) Increase in wages and better working conditions
Explanation: Workers demanded fair wages, reasonable working hours, and improved labor conditions.
22) Who led the provisional government in Russia after the February Revolution?
(a) Stalin
(b) Lenin
(c) Alexander Kerensky
(d) Trotsky
Answer: (c) Alexander Kerensky
Explanation: Alexander Kerensky headed the provisional government established after Tsar Nicholas II's abdication.
23) What was the main cause of the 1905 Russian Revolution?
(a) Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War
(b) Collapse of the Soviet Union
(c) Overthrow of Lenin
(d) Establishment of the Duma
Answer: (a) Defeat in the Russo-Japanese War
Explanation: Russia's defeat in the Russo-Japanese War exposed weaknesses in the Tsarist regime and fueled public unrest.
24) Which revolution inspired the ideas of socialism in Europe?
(a) The American Revolution
(b) The French Revolution
(c) The Industrial Revolution
(d) The Glorious Revolution
Answer: (b) The French Revolution
Explanation: The French Revolution promoted ideals of equality, liberty, and fraternity, which inspired socialist thought in Europe.
25) What was the ‘April Theses’?
(a) Lenin’s demands for a workers' revolution
(b) Stalin’s five-year plan
(c) Trotsky’s strategy for the Civil War
(d) Kerensky’s appeal for peace
Answer: (a) Lenin’s demands for a workers' revolution
Explanation: The April Theses outlined Lenin’s plans for socialism, including an end to World War I and transfer of power to the Soviets.
26) What was the immediate outcome of the February Revolution?
(a) Establishment of the USSR
(b) Abdication of Tsar Nicholas II
(c) Formation of the Red Army
(d) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Answer: (b) Abdication of Tsar Nicholas II
Explanation: The February Revolution forced Tsar Nicholas II to abdicate, ending centuries of Tsarist rule.
27) What were the Soviets in revolutionary Russia?
(a) Soldiers in the Red Army
(b) Local councils of workers and peasants
(c) Advisors to the Tsar
(d) Members of the Menshevik Party
Answer: (b) Local councils of workers and peasants
Explanation: Soviets were grassroots organizations that represented workers, peasants, and soldiers during the revolution.
28) What was the ideology of Karl Marx?
(a) Capitalism
(b) Communism
(c) Monarchy
(d) Liberalism
Answer: (b) Communism
Explanation: Karl Marx advocated for a classless society through the abolition of private property and establishment of communism.
29) What was the main goal of collectivization under Stalin?
(a) Nationalize industries
(b) Increase agricultural productivity through shared farming
(c) Reestablish monarchy
(d) Build alliances with capitalist countries
Answer: (b) Increase agricultural productivity through shared farming
Explanation: Collectivization aimed to consolidate individual farms into state-controlled collective farms to boost production.
30) What was the Red Army’s role in the Russian Civil War?
(a) To support the White Army
(b) To defend the Bolshevik government
(c) To overthrow Lenin
(d) To restore Tsarist rule
Answer: (b) To defend the Bolshevik government
Explanation: The Red Army, led by Trotsky, fought against the anti-Bolshevik White Army during the Civil War.
31) What was War Communism?
(a) A military strategy used in World War I
(b) An economic policy during the Russian Civil War
(c) Stalin’s policy of rapid industrialization
(d) Lenin’s peace treaty with Germany
Answer: (b) An economic policy during the Russian Civil War
Explanation: War Communism involved centralized control of resources and forced requisitioning to support the Red Army.
32) What does ‘Bolshevik’ mean?
(a) The majority
(b) The minority
(c) The elite
(d) The workers
Answer: (a) The majority
Explanation: The term ‘Bolshevik’ means majority, as Lenin’s faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party represented the majority.
33) Who were the Whites in the Russian Civil War?
(a) Supporters of the Bolsheviks
(b) Opponents of the Bolsheviks
(c) Neutral observers
(d) Foreign diplomats
Answer: (b) Opponents of the Bolsheviks
Explanation: The Whites consisted of monarchists, conservatives, and foreign forces who opposed the Bolshevik Red Army.
34) What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
(a) A peace treaty between Russia and Germany
(b) An agreement to establish the USSR
(c) A truce between the Red and White Armies
(d) A pact with Britain to divide colonies
Answer: (a) A peace treaty between Russia and Germany
Explanation: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ended Russia’s participation in World War I by ceding territories to Germany.
35) What role did Trotsky play in the Russian Revolution?
(a) Leader of the Mensheviks
(b) Commander of the Red Army
(c) Leader of the provisional government
(d) Organizer of the White Army
Answer: (b) Commander of the Red Army
Explanation: Trotsky played a key role in organizing and commanding the Red Army during the Civil War.
36) What was Lenin’s policy for economic revival after the Civil War?
(a) Collectivization
(b) War Communism
(c) New Economic Policy (NEP)
(d) Five-Year Plan
Answer: (c) New Economic Policy (NEP)
Explanation: The NEP introduced limited market reforms to revive the Soviet economy after the Civil War.
37) What was the Kronstadt Rebellion?
(a) A protest by sailors against Bolshevik policies
(b) A White Army offensive
(c) A movement to restore the monarchy
(d) A Bolshevik uprising
Answer: (a) A protest by sailors against Bolshevik policies
Explanation: The Kronstadt Rebellion was a mutiny by naval sailors opposing Bolshevik rule.
38) Who were the main beneficiaries of the Russian Revolution?
(a) Nobles
(b) Workers and peasants
(c) Merchants
(d) Foreign investors
Answer: (b) Workers and peasants
Explanation: The Revolution aimed to redistribute land and resources, empowering workers and peasants.
39) What was the main criticism of the NEP by the Bolsheviks?
(a) It promoted capitalism
(b) It reduced agricultural production
(c) It weakened the army
(d) It increased Tsarist influence
Answer: (a) It promoted capitalism
Explanation: Critics argued that the NEP allowed private trade, which contradicted socialist principles.
40) Which country supported the White Army during the Russian Civil War?
(a) United States
(b) Germany
(c) Britain
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation: The White Army received support from multiple foreign nations, including the US, Britain, and France.
41) Which event in 1917 is referred to as the October Revolution?
(a) The abdication of Tsar Nicholas II
(b) The Bolshevik seizure of power
(c) The signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
(d) The establishment of the Duma
Answer: (b) The Bolshevik seizure of power
Explanation: The October Revolution of 1917 saw the Bolsheviks overthrow the provisional government and establish a socialist regime.
42) What were the ‘Soviets’ during the Russian Revolution?
(a) Secret police
(b) Local councils of workers and soldiers
(c) Supporters of Tsar Nicholas II
(d) Representatives of foreign countries
Answer: (b) Local councils of workers and soldiers
Explanation: Soviets were grassroots councils that represented workers and soldiers, playing a significant role in the revolution.
43) Which political party was divided into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks?
(a) Communist Party
(b) Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP)
(c) Socialist Revolutionary Party
(d) Provisional Government
Answer: (b) Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP)
Explanation: The RSDLP split into Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, and Mensheviks due to ideological differences.
44) What was the main demand of the peasants during the Russian Revolution?
(a) Control over industries
(b) Redistribution of land
(c) Expansion of the empire
(d) Establishment of monarchy
Answer: (b) Redistribution of land
Explanation: Peasants demanded land redistribution to eliminate feudal practices and gain ownership of the land they cultivated.
45) What did Lenin refer to as the "dictatorship of the proletariat"?
(a) Rule by the Communist Party
(b) Absolute power of the Tsar
(c) A government led by nobles
(d) Anarchy and chaos
Answer: (a) Rule by the Communist Party
Explanation: Lenin envisioned a government led by the working class under the Communist Party's control.
46) What was the main cause of discontent among Russian soldiers during World War I?
(a) High wages
(b) Shortage of food and weapons
(c) Promotion of Tsarist policies
(d) Expansion of territories
Answer: (b) Shortage of food and weapons
Explanation: Russian soldiers faced severe shortages of food, clothing, and ammunition, leading to widespread discontent.
47) What does the term ‘bourgeoisie’ refer to in Marxist ideology?
(a) Working class
(b) Landless peasants
(c) Wealthy capitalist class
(d) Monarchs and nobles
Answer: (c) Wealthy capitalist class
Explanation: The bourgeoisie refers to the capitalist class that owns the means of production and exploits the working class.
48) What was the immediate impact of the Russian Civil War?
(a) Strengthening of the monarchy
(b) Establishment of the USSR
(c) Collapse of the Bolshevik Party
(d) Treaty of Versailles
Answer: (b) Establishment of the USSR
Explanation: The Bolshevik victory in the Civil War led to the creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1922.
49) What was the primary goal of the Provisional Government in Russia?
(a) Establish socialism
(b) Continue Russia’s participation in World War I
(c) Restore the monarchy
(d) Redistribute land to peasants
Answer: (b) Continue Russia’s participation in World War I
Explanation: The Provisional Government aimed to fulfill Russia's commitments to the Allies, leading to public dissatisfaction.
50) What is the significance of Lenin’s slogan "Peace, Land, and Bread"?
(a) It promised colonial expansion
(b) It addressed the key demands of the Russian masses
(c) It supported the monarchy
(d) It rejected socialism
Answer: (b) It addressed the key demands of the Russian masses
Explanation: The slogan called for ending the war (peace), redistributing land (land), and resolving food shortages (bread).
51) What was the main consequence of Stalin’s collectivization policy?
(a) Increased agricultural productivity
(b) Famine and suffering among peasants
(c) Expansion of private farming
(d) Strengthening of kulak power
Answer: (b) Famine and suffering among peasants
Explanation: Collectivization led to forced requisitioning of grain, causing famines and widespread suffering.
52) What type of economy did the Soviet Union aim to establish under socialism?
(a) Capitalist economy
(b) Command economy
(c) Mixed economy
(d) Laissez-faire economy
Answer: (b) Command economy
Explanation: The Soviet Union established a command economy, where the state controlled all production and distribution.
53) What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on socialist thought in Europe?
(a) It encouraged capitalism
(b) It highlighted the exploitation of workers
(c) It strengthened monarchies
(d) It ended social reforms
Answer: (b) It highlighted the exploitation of workers
Explanation: The Industrial Revolution exposed poor working conditions and income inequality, inspiring socialist ideologies.
54) Who were the ‘Mensheviks’?
(a) Supporters of Tsar Nicholas II
(b) A faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
(c) Opponents of the Communist Party
(d) Members of the Duma
Answer: (b) A faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
Explanation: The Mensheviks advocated for gradual reforms to achieve socialism.
55) What role did propaganda play in the Russian Revolution?
(a) It supported the monarchy
(b) It spread Bolshevik ideology
(c) It rejected socialist ideas
(d) It ended World War I
Answer: (b) It spread Bolshevik ideology
Explanation: Propaganda was used to promote Bolshevik ideas and mobilize the masses during the revolution.
56) Which of the following groups opposed Lenin’s leadership?
(a) Workers
(b) Kulaks
(c) Peasants
(d) Soviets
Answer: (b) Kulaks
Explanation: Kulaks, or wealthy peasants, opposed Lenin’s collectivization policies.
57) What was the role of the Cheka in revolutionary Russia?
(a) Organizing workers
(b) Acting as a secret police
(c) Drafting the constitution
(d) Negotiating with the Allies
Answer: (b) Acting as a secret police
Explanation: The Cheka was the Soviet secret police established to suppress counter-revolutionary activities.
58) What was the impact of the Russian Revolution on global politics?
(a) It weakened socialist movements worldwide
(b) It inspired communist movements globally
(c) It led to the fall of colonial empires
(d) It ended monarchies in Europe
Answer: (b) It inspired communist movements globally
Explanation: The Russian Revolution served as a model for communist movements in other parts of the world.
59) What was the primary aim of the First Five-Year Plan in the USSR?
(a) Rapid industrialization
(b) Agricultural expansion
(c) Strengthening the monarchy
(d) Promoting foreign trade
Answer: (a) Rapid industrialization
Explanation: The First Five-Year Plan focused on transforming the Soviet Union into an industrialized nation.
60) What was one major reason for the failure of the Mensheviks?
(a) Lack of support from the working class
(b) Alignment with capitalist policies
(c) Support for the monarchy
(d) Alliance with foreign powers
Answer: (a) Lack of support from the working class
Explanation: The Mensheviks failed to gain mass support as the working class aligned more with the Bolsheviks’ radical approach.
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